Unit 61 | myself/yourself/themselves, etc.

Minjun's Story : My English Journey in New York

뉴욕에서 시작하는 영어 이야기

 

PART 1 : Story

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Chapter 1 : 자기 자신을 보고 있어요 / He's Looking at Himself

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Ms. Williams shows a picture of a man in front of a mirror.
윌리엄스 선생님이 거울 앞에 있는 남자 그림을 보여주십니다.

 

She writes: "He's looking at himself."
선생님이 쓰십니다: "그는 자기 자신을 보고 있어요."

 

She shows a picture of a buffet table.
선생님이 뷔페 테이블 그림을 보여주십니다.

 

A host says: "Help yourself!"
호스트가 말합니다. "마음껏 드세요!"

 

She shows a picture of children playing at the beach.
선생님이 해변에서 노는 아이들 그림을 보여주십니다.

 

She writes: "They're enjoying themselves."
선생님이 쓰십니다: "그들은 즐기고 있어요."

 

Carlos looks at all three examples.
카를로스가 세 예문을 모두 봅니다.

 

He says: "So these words show that the action comes back to the same person?"
그가 말합니다. "그러면 이 단어들은 행동이 같은 사람에게 돌아온다는 걸 보여주는 거네요?"

 

Ms. Williams nods: "Exactly right, Carlos. These are called reflexive pronouns."
선생님이 고개를 끄덕입니다. "정확해요, 카를로스. 이걸 재귀대명사라고 해요."

 

She writes the full transformation chart.
선생님이 전체 변화 표를 쓰십니다.

 

I → me → myself / he → him → himself / she → her → herself
you → you → yourself (한 명) / yourselves (두 명 이상)

we → us → ourselves / they → them → themselves

 

She writes examples.
선생님이 예문을 쓰십니다.

 

I looked at myself in the mirror.
저는 거울 속 제 자신을 봤어요.

 

He cut himself with a knife.
그는 칼에 베였어요.

 

She fell off her bike, but she didn't hurt herself.
그녀는 자전거에서 떨어졌지만 다치지 않았어요.

 

Please help yourself. (one person)
마음껏 드세요. (한 명)

 

Please help yourselves. (two or more people)
마음껏 드세요. (두 명 이상)

 

We had a good vacation. We enjoyed ourselves.
저희는 휴가를 잘 보냈어요. 저희는 즐거웠어요.

 

They had a nice time. They enjoyed themselves.
그들은 좋은 시간을 보냈어요. 그들은 즐거웠어요.

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👩‍🏫 Ms. Williams says:
"I → me → myself, he → him → himself, she → her → herself, you → you → yourself/yourselves, we → us → ourselves, they → them → themselves."
He's looking at himself.
그는 자기 자신을 보고 있어요.

Help yourself!
마음껏 드세요!

They're enjoying themselves.
그들은 즐기고 있어요.

 

I looked at myself in the mirror.
저는 거울 속 제 자신을 봤어요.

He cut himself with a knife.
그는 칼에 베였어요.

She fell off her bike, but she didn't hurt herself.
그녀는 자전거에서 떨어졌지만 다치지 않았어요.

Please help yourself. (one person)
마음껏 드세요. (한 명)

Please help yourselves. (two or more people)
마음껏 드세요. (두 명 이상)

We had a good vacation. We enjoyed ourselves.
저희는 휴가를 잘 보냈어요. 저희는 즐거웠어요.

They had a nice time. They enjoyed themselves.
그들은 좋은 시간을 보냈어요. 그들은 즐거웠어요.

 

📐 Grammar Point : 재귀대명사 완전 정리

주격재귀대명사

I	myself
he	himself
she	herself
you (1명)	yourself
you (2명 이상)	yourselves
we	ourselves
they	themselves

✅ He cut himself with a knife.
✅ They enjoyed themselves.

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Chapter 2 : 다른 사람과 같은 사람 / Different People and the Same Person

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Ms. Williams writes: "Compare."
윌리엄스 선생님이 쓰십니다: "비교해 봅시다."

 

She draws two panels side by side.
선생님이 두 패널을 나란히 그리십니다.

 

Left: "me/him/them, etc." A woman looks at a man: "She is looking at him." (different people)
왼쪽: "me/him/them 등." 여성이 남성을 봅니다: "그녀는 그를 보고 있어요." (다른 사람들)

 

Right: "myself/himself/themselves, etc." A man looks at his own reflection: "He is looking at himself." (the same person)
오른쪽: "myself/himself/themselves 등." 남성이 자기 반사를 봅니다: "그는 자기 자신을 보고 있어요." (같은 사람)

 

Yuki looks at both panels.
유키가 두 패널을 봅니다.

 

She says: "So me/him/them are for when the action goes to a different person, but myself/himself/themselves are for when it comes back to the same person?"
그녀가 말합니다. "그러면 me/him/them은 행동이 다른 사람에게 갈 때고, myself/himself/themselves는 행동이 같은 사람에게 돌아올 때 쓰는 거네요?"

 

Ms. Williams nods: "Exactly right, Yuki. That's the key difference."
선생님이 고개를 끄덕입니다. "정확해요, 유키. 그게 핵심 차이예요."

 

She writes examples for both columns.
선생님이 두 칸에 예문을 쓰십니다.

 

You never talk to me.
당신은 저한테 절대 얘기 안 해요.

 

I didn't pay for them.
저는 그들을 위해 돈을 안 냈어요.

 

I'm sorry. Did I hurt you?
죄송해요. 제가 당신을 다치게 했나요?

 

Sometimes I talk to myself.
저는 가끔 혼잣말을 해요.

 

They paid for themselves.
그들은 자기 자신들을 위해 돈을 냈어요.

 

Be careful. Don't hurt yourself.
조심해요. 다치지 마세요.

---

👩‍🏫 Ms. Williams says:
"Compare: me/him/them (different people) vs myself/himself/themselves (the same person)."
me/him/them, etc. (different people):
me/him/them 등 (다른 사람들):

She is looking at him.
그녀는 그를 보고 있어요.

 

myself/himself/themselves, etc. (the same person):
myself/himself/themselves 등 (같은 사람):

He is looking at himself.
그는 자기 자신을 보고 있어요.

 

You never talk to me.
당신은 저한테 절대 얘기 안 해요.

I didn't pay for them.
저는 그들을 위해 돈을 안 냈어요.

I'm sorry. Did I hurt you?
죄송해요. 제가 당신을 다치게 했나요?

 

Sometimes I talk to myself.
저는 가끔 혼잣말을 해요.

They paid for themselves.
그들은 자기 자신들을 위해 돈을 냈어요.

Be careful. Don't hurt yourself.
조심해요. 다치지 마세요.

 

📐 Grammar Point : 목적격 vs 재귀대명사

대상예문

me/him/them	다른 사람	She is looking at him.
myself/himself/themselves	같은 사람	He is looking at himself.

✅ You never talk to me.
✅ Sometimes I talk to myself.

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Chapter 3 : 혼자서, by myself / Alone, By Myself

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Ms. Williams writes: "by myself / by yourself, etc. = alone."
윌리엄스 선생님이 쓰십니다: "by myself / by yourself 등 = 혼자."

 

She writes examples.
선생님이 예문을 쓰십니다.

 

I went on vacation by myself. (= I went alone)
저는 혼자 휴가를 갔어요. (= 저는 혼자 갔어요)

 

"Was she with friends?" "No, she was by herself."
그녀는 친구들이랑 있었어요? 아니요, 그녀는 혼자였어요.

 

Lucas says: "So by myself just means alone, no company?"
루카스가 말합니다. "그러면 by myself는 그냥 혼자, 동행 없이라는 뜻이네요?"

 

Ms. Williams nods: "Exactly right, Lucas."
선생님이 고개를 끄덕입니다. "정확해요, 루카스."

---

👩‍🏫 Ms. Williams says:
"by myself / by yourself, etc. = alone."
by myself / by yourself, etc. = alone:
by myself / by yourself 등 = 혼자:

I went on vacation by myself. (= I went alone)
저는 혼자 휴가를 갔어요.

"Was she with friends?" "No, she was by herself."
그녀는 친구들이랑 있었어요? 아니요, 그녀는 혼자였어요.

 

📐 Grammar Point : by + 재귀대명사 (혼자)

형태예문

by myself	I went on vacation by myself.
by herself	She was by herself.

✅ I went on vacation by myself.
✅ She was by herself.

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Chapter 4 : 서로, each other / Each Other

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Ms. Williams writes: "each other."
윌리엄스 선생님이 쓰십니다: "each other."

 

She writes examples.
선생님이 예문을 쓰십니다.

 

Kate and Nicole are good friends. They know each other well. (= Kate knows Nicole / Nicole knows Kate)
케이트와 니콜은 좋은 친구예요. 그들은 서로를 잘 알아요. (= 케이트는 니콜을 알고, 니콜은 케이트를 알아요)

 

Paul and I live near each other. (= he lives near me / I live near him)
폴과 저는 서로 가까이 살아요. (= 그는 제 근처에 살고, 저는 그의 근처에 살아요)

 

Huang Wei says: "So each other means both people doing the same action toward each other, back and forth?"
황웨이가 말합니다. "그러면 each other는 두 사람이 서로를 향해 같은 행동을 주고받는 거네요?"

 

Ms. Williams nods: "Exactly right, Huang Wei. Now let's compare each other and -selves."
선생님이 고개를 끄덕입니다. "정확해요, 황웨이. 이제 each other와 -selves를 비교해봅시다."

 

She shows two pictures: James and Sue looking at each other, and James and Sue each looking at a mirror.
선생님이 그림 두 장을 보여주십니다: 서로를 보는 제임스와 수, 그리고 각자 거울을 보는 제임스와 수.

 

James and Sue looked at each other. (= he looked at her, she looked at him)
제임스와 수는 서로를 봤어요. (= 그는 그녀를 봤고, 그녀는 그를 봤어요)

 

James and Sue looked at themselves. (= he looked at himself, she looked at herself)
제임스와 수는 자기 자신들을 봤어요. (= 그는 자기 자신을 봤고, 그녀는 자기 자신을 봤어요)

 

Fatima says: "So each other crosses between the two people, but themselves stays within each person?"
파티마가 말합니다. "그러면 each other는 두 사람 사이를 오가고, themselves는 각 사람 안에 머무는 거네요?"

 

Ms. Williams nods: "Exactly right, Fatima. Beautifully put."
선생님이 고개를 끄덕입니다. "정확해요, 파티마. 아주 잘 표현했어요."

---

👩‍🏫 Ms. Williams says:
"each other. Compare each other and -selves."
Kate and Nicole are good friends. They know each other well. (= Kate knows Nicole / Nicole knows Kate)
케이트와 니콜은 좋은 친구예요. 그들은 서로를 잘 알아요.

Paul and I live near each other. (= he lives near me / I live near him)
폴과 저는 서로 가까이 살아요.

 

Compare each other and -selves:
each other와 -selves 비교:

James and Sue looked at each other. (= he looked at her, she looked at him)
제임스와 수는 서로를 봤어요.

James and Sue looked at themselves. (= he looked at himself, she looked at herself)
제임스와 수는 자기 자신들을 봤어요.

 

📐 Grammar Point : each other vs -selves

의미예문

each other	서로	James and Sue looked at each other.
themselves	각자 자기 자신	James and Sue looked at themselves.

✅ They know each other well.
✅ James and Sue looked at themselves.

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Chapter 5 : 저녁, 자기 자신과 서로에 대해 / Evening, About Myself and Each Other

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It is evening.
저녁입니다.

 

I sit at my desk and open my journal.
저는 책상에 앉아 일기를 폅니다.

 

I draw two columns.
저는 두 칸을 그립니다.

 

-self/-selves / each other

Under -self/-selves I write.
-self/-selves 아래에 씁니다.

 

Today I made a small mistake, but I didn't blame myself too much.
오늘 저는 작은 실수를 했지만, 저 자신을 너무 탓하지 않았어요.

 

Carlos and Lucas enjoyed themselves at the park today.
카를로스와 루카스는 오늘 공원에서 즐거웠어요.

 

Under each other I write.
each other 아래에 씁니다.

 

Yuki and I help each other with our English homework.
유키와 저는 서로 영어 숙제를 도와줘요.

 

My classmates and I know each other much better now than at the beginning of this book.
제 반 친구들과 저는 이 책 초반보다 지금 서로를 훨씬 더 잘 알아요.

 

I look at the two columns.
저는 두 칸을 바라봅니다.

 

-self and -selves show an action returning to the same person.
-self와 -selves는 같은 사람에게 돌아오는 행동을 보여줘요.

 

Each other shows an action moving back and forth between two or more people.
each other는 두 명 이상 사이를 오가는 행동을 보여줘요.

 

I close my journal, thinking about how much I've grown, not just in English, but in understanding myself and the people around me.
저는 일기를 덮으며, 영어뿐만 아니라 저 자신과 제 주변 사람들을 이해하는 데 있어서도 제가 얼마나 성장했는지 생각합니다.

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PART 2 : Grammar Focus

Unit 61 : myself/yourself/themselves, etc. 완전 정리

A. 재귀대명사 형태

I → me → myself / he → him → himself / she → her → herself
you → you → yourself (1명) / yourselves (2명 이상)
we → us → ourselves / they → them → themselves

He's looking at himself.
그는 자기 자신을 보고 있어요.

Help yourself!
마음껏 드세요!

They're enjoying themselves.
그들은 즐기고 있어요.

 

I looked at myself in the mirror.
저는 거울 속 제 자신을 봤어요.

He cut himself with a knife.
그는 칼에 베였어요.

She fell off her bike, but she didn't hurt herself.
그녀는 자전거에서 떨어졌지만 다치지 않았어요.

Please help yourself. (one person) / Please help yourselves. (two or more people)
마음껏 드세요.

We had a good vacation. We enjoyed ourselves.
저희는 휴가를 잘 보냈어요.

They had a nice time. They enjoyed themselves.
그들은 좋은 시간을 보냈어요.

 

B. 목적격 vs 재귀대명사

me/him/them, etc. (different people):
She is looking at him.
그녀는 그를 보고 있어요.

 

myself/himself/themselves, etc. (the same person):
He is looking at himself.
그는 자기 자신을 보고 있어요.

 

You never talk to me. / I didn't pay for them. / I'm sorry. Did I hurt you?
Sometimes I talk to myself. / They paid for themselves. / Be careful. Don't hurt yourself.

C. by myself / by yourself = alone

I went on vacation by myself. (= I went alone)
저는 혼자 휴가를 갔어요.

"Was she with friends?" "No, she was by herself."
아니요, 그녀는 혼자였어요.

 

D. each other

Kate and Nicole are good friends. They know each other well.
케이트와 니콜은 서로를 잘 알아요.

Paul and I live near each other.
폴과 저는 서로 가까이 살아요.

 

Compare each other and -selves:
James and Sue looked at each other. (= he looked at her, she looked at him)
제임스와 수는 서로를 봤어요.

James and Sue looked at themselves. (= he looked at himself, she looked at herself)
제임스와 수는 자기 자신들을 봤어요.

Key Summary : Unit 61 완전 정리

표현의미예문

myself/himself/themselves	자기 자신	He is looking at himself.
by myself	혼자	I went on vacation by myself.
each other	서로	They know each other well.

Key Phrases : Unit 61

Phrase한국어Example

Help yourself!	마음껏 드세요!	Please help yourself.
enjoy myself/themselves	즐기다	They enjoyed themselves.
by myself/herself	혼자	She was by herself.
know each other	서로 알다	They know each other well.

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PART 3 : Practice

Mini Quiz

1. He's looking at ________. (himself)
2. Please help ________. (two people 대상) (yourselves)
3. We had a good vacation. We enjoyed ________. (ourselves)
4. Sometimes I talk to ________. (myself)
5. I went on vacation ________ ________. (by myself)
6. Kate and Nicole know ________ ________ well. (each other)

정답

1. himself
2. yourselves
3. ourselves
4. myself
5. by myself
6. each other

Discussion Questions

1. myself/himself/themselves와 each other의 차이를 예문 두 개씩 들어 설명해 보세요.
2. 다음 문장들을 올바르게 고쳐 쓰세요.
   • "He cut him with a knife." (재귀대명사로 고치면?)
   • "James and Sue looked at each other." (자기 자신을 봤다는 뜻으로 바꾸면?)
3. myself, himself, themselves 중 하나를 사용해서 문장을 써보세요.
4. by myself/yourself를 사용해서 혼자 한 일을 문장으로 써보세요.
5. 파트너와 다음 주제로 대화해 보세요: 가장 친한 친구와 서로 얼마나 잘 아세요? (know each other로 대답해 보세요)