Unit 12 | I didn't... Did you...? (simple past negative and questions)

Minjun's Story : My English Journey in New York

뉴욕에서 시작하는 영어 이야기

 

PART 1 : Story

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Chapter 1 : 화요일 아침, 숙제 이야기 / Tuesday Morning, About the Homework

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It is Tuesday morning.
화요일 아침입니다.

 

I arrive at school early.
저는 학교에 일찍 도착합니다.

 

Carlos is already there.
카를로스는 이미 와 있습니다.

 

He looks a little worried.
그가 조금 걱정스러워 보입니다.

 

I ask: "Are you OK?"
저는 묻습니다. "괜찮아?"

 

He says: "I didn't do my homework last night."
그가 말합니다. "어젯밤에 숙제를 안 했어."

 

I say: "Why not?"
저는 말합니다. "왜?"

 

He says: "Mexico played last night. I watched the game."
그가 말합니다. "어젯밤에 멕시코 경기가 있었어. 경기를 봤거든."

 

I ask: "Did they win?"
저는 묻습니다. "이겼어?"

 

He grins: "Yes, they did!"
그가 씩 웃습니다. "응, 이겼어!"

 

I say: "So you watched the game but you didn't do your homework."
저는 말합니다. "그러니까 경기는 봤지만 숙제는 안 했군."

 

He nods slowly.
그가 천천히 고개를 끄덕입니다.

 

I say: "Did Ms. Williams give a lot of homework?"
저는 묻습니다. "윌리엄스 선생님이 숙제를 많이 내주셨어?"

 

He says: "No, she didn't. Just one page."
그가 말합니다. "아니, 안 내주셨어. 딱 한 페이지."

 

I stare at him.
저는 그를 빤히 바라봅니다.

 

He shrugs: "It was an important game."
그가 어깨를 으쓱합니다. "중요한 경기였다고."

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👩‍🏫 Ms. Williams says:
"Today we learn the simple past negative and questions."
오늘은 단순 과거 부정문과 의문문을 배웁니다.

Unit 11에서 단순 과거 긍정문을 배웠습니다.
오늘은 **did not (didn't)**와 did를 사용해 부정문과 의문문을 만듭니다.

부정문: didn't + 동사원형
의문문: Did + 주어 + 동사원형?

I watched TV. → I didn't watch TV.
She went out. → She didn't go out.
Did you watch TV? → Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.

📐 Grammar Point — 단순 과거 부정문과 의문문 공식

공식예문

긍정	주어 + 과거형	I watched / she went
부정	주어 + didn't + 동사원형	I didn't watch / she didn't go
의문문	Did + 주어 + 동사원형?	Did you watch? / Did she go?

✅ I watched TV but I didn't watch the news.
✅ They went out but they didn't enjoy the meal.
✅ Did she go out last night?
❌ I didn't watched TV. (WRONG — didn't 뒤는 동사원형)
❌ She didn't went out. (WRONG — didn't 뒤는 동사원형)

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Chapter 2 : did/didn't + 동사원형 / did/didn't + Base Form

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Ms. Williams starts the lesson.
윌리엄스 선생님이 수업을 시작하십니다.

 

She says: "Today's most important rule."
선생님이 말씀하십니다. "오늘의 가장 중요한 규칙입니다."

 

She writes on the board.
선생님이 칠판에 씁니다.

 

did / didn't + base form

 

She says: "After did or didn't, always use the base form."
선생님이 말씀하십니다. "did 또는 didn't 뒤에는 항상 동사원형을 씁니다."

 

"Never use the past form after didn't."
"didn't 뒤에는 절대 과거형을 쓰지 않습니다."

 

She writes examples.
선생님이 예문을 씁니다.

 

I watched → but I didn't watch (not: didn't watched)
they went → did they go? (not: did they went?)
he had → he didn't have (not: didn't had)
you did → did you do? (not: did you did?)

 

Huang Wei raises his hand.
황웨이가 손을 듭니다.

 

He asks: "So didn't does all the work again? Like doesn't in the present?"
그가 묻습니다. "그러면 didn't가 또 다 역할을 하는 건가요? 현재의 doesn't처럼요?"

 

Ms. Williams smiles: "Exactly. Did and didn't carry the past meaning."
선생님이 미소를 짓습니다. "정확해요. did와 didn't가 과거 의미를 담습니다."

 

"So the main verb goes back to its base form."
"그래서 주동사는 원형으로 돌아갑니다."

 

I played tennis yesterday, but I didn't win.
저는 어제 테니스를 쳤지만 이기지 못했습니다.

 

"Did you do your homework?" "No, I didn't have time."
"숙제 했어요?" "아니요, 시간이 없었어요."

 

We went to a nice restaurant, but we didn't enjoy the meal.
우리는 좋은 식당에 갔지만 식사를 즐기지 못했습니다.

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👩‍🏫 Ms. Williams says:
"Remember: do/does (present) → did (past)."
기억하세요: do/does (현재) → did (과거).

현재 부정: I don't watch TV very often.
과거 부정: I didn't watch TV yesterday.

현재 질문: Does she go out often?
과거 질문: Did she go out last night?

did / didn't + 동사원형 — 항상 이 순서를 지킵니다.

📐 Grammar Point — do/does → did 변화

시제부정의문문

현재 (단수)	doesn't + 동사원형	Does + 주어 + 동사원형?
현재 (복수)	don't + 동사원형	Do + 주어 + 동사원형?
과거 (모든 주어)	didn't + 동사원형	Did + 주어 + 동사원형?

✅ I don't watch TV. → I didn't watch TV yesterday.
✅ Does she go out? → Did she go out last night?
✅ Do they like it? → Did they like it?
❌ She didn't went out. (WRONG — didn't 뒤는 동사원형)
❌ Did he watched TV? (WRONG — did 뒤는 동사원형)

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Chapter 3 : 의문문 어순 / Word Order in Questions

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Ms. Williams writes the question formula on the board.
윌리엄스 선생님이 칠판에 의문문 공식을 씁니다.

 

did + subject + base form

 

She writes examples with question words.
선생님이 의문사가 있는 예문들을 씁니다.

 

Did your sister call you?
누나가 전화했어요?

 

What did you do last night?
어젯밤에 뭐 했어요?

 

How did the accident happen?
사고는 어떻게 일어났어요?

 

Where did your parents go on vacation?
부모님은 휴가 때 어디에 가셨어요?

 

She puts us in pairs.
선생님이 우리를 짝으로 나눕니다.

 

I am with Sofia.
저는 소피아와 짝입니다.

 

I ask: "Did you go anywhere last weekend?"
저는 묻습니다. "지난 주말에 어디 갔어요?"

 

She says: "Yes, I did. I went to a museum."
그녀가 말합니다. "네, 갔어요. 박물관에 갔어요."

 

I ask: "What did you see there?"
저는 묻습니다. "거기서 뭘 봤어요?"

 

She says: "I saw paintings from the 19th century. They were beautiful."
그녀가 말합니다. "19세기 그림들을 봤어요. 아름다웠어요."

 

I ask: "Did you go alone?"
저는 묻습니다. "혼자 갔어요?"

 

She says: "No, I didn't. Anna came with me."
그녀가 말합니다. "아니요, 안 갔어요. 안나가 같이 왔어요."

 

I ask: "Did Anna enjoy it?"
저는 묻습니다. "안나도 좋아했어요?"

 

She says: "Yes, she did. But she didn't stay long."
그녀가 말합니다. "네, 좋아했어요. 하지만 오래 있지 않았어요."

 

"She said she was tired."
"피곤하다고 말했어요."

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👩‍🏫 Ms. Williams says:
"Study the word order in questions carefully."
의문문 어순을 주의 깊게 공부하세요.

did + subject + base form

Did your sister call you?
What did you do last night?
How did the accident happen?
Where did your parents go on vacation?

주어가 길어져도 규칙은 같습니다.
Did your parents have a good trip?
What did the children do at school?

📐 Grammar Point — 의문문 어순 정리

의문사did주어동사원형

(없음)	Did	your sister	call	you?
What	did	you	do	last night?
How	did	the accident	happen?
Where	did	your parents	go	on vacation?
What	did	the children	do?

✅ Did your sister call you? Yes, she did.
✅ What did you do last night?
✅ Where did they go on vacation?
❌ Did you went there? (WRONG — did 뒤는 동사원형)
❌ What you did last night? (WRONG — did가 주어 앞으로)

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Chapter 4: 짧은 대답 / Short Answers

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After class we go to the park.
수업 후 우리는 공원으로 갑니다.

 

Carlos suggests a question game again.
카를로스가 또 질문 게임을 제안합니다.

 

He says: "Ask about last weekend. Use did."
그가 말합니다. "지난 주말에 대해 물어봐. did를 써."

 

"Short answers only. Yes, I did. Or no, I didn't."
"짧은 대답만. Yes, I did. 또는 No, I didn't."

 

Lucas asks Carlos: "Did you do your homework last night?"
루카스가 카를로스에게 묻습니다. "어젯밤에 숙제 했어?"

 

Carlos grins: "No, I didn't."
카를로스가 씩 웃습니다. "아니, 안 했어."

 

Everyone laughs.
모두가 웃습니다.

 

Fatima asks me: "Did you call your family last weekend?"
파티마가 저에게 묻습니다. "지난 주말에 가족한테 전화 했어요?"

 

I say: "Yes, I did. I called my mother on Sunday."
저는 말합니다. "네, 했어요. 일요일에 어머니께 전화드렸어요."

 

She asks: "Did she sound happy?"
그녀가 묻습니다. "기뻐하시던가요?"

 

I say: "Yes, she did. She always does."
저는 말합니다. "네, 그러셨어요. 항상 그러세요."

 

I ask Yuki: "Did you go out last Saturday?"
저는 유키에게 묻습니다. "지난 토요일에 나갔어요?"

 

She says: "No, I didn't. I stayed home and studied."
그녀가 말합니다. "아니요, 안 나갔어요. 집에 있으면서 공부 했어요."

 

Carlos says: "Yuki, did you ever not study?"
카를로스가 말합니다. "유키, 공부를 안 한 적이 있어요?"

 

She thinks for a moment.
그녀가 잠깐 생각합니다.

 

She says: "No, I didn't. Not this week."
그녀가 말합니다. "아니요, 없어요. 이번 주는요."

 

We all look at each other and laugh.
우리 모두 서로 바라보며 웃습니다.

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👩‍🏫 Ms. Williams says:
"Short answers with did are simple."
did의 짧은 대답은 간단합니다.

"Did you see Joe yesterday?" "No, I didn't."
"Did it rain on Sunday?" "Yes, it did."
"Did Emma come to the party?" "No, she didn't."
"Did your parents have a good trip?" "Yes, they did."

모든 주어에 did / didn't를 씁니다.
he/she/it도 예외가 없습니다.

📐 Grammar Point — 짧은 대답 (Short Answers)

질문YesNo

Did I ...?	Yes, you did.	No, you didn't.
Did he/she/it ...?	Yes, he/she/it did.	No, he/she/it didn't.
Did we/you/they ...?	Yes, we/you/they did.	No, we/you/they didn't.

✅ "Did you see Joe yesterday?" "No, I didn't."
✅ "Did it rain on Sunday?" "Yes, it did."
✅ "Did Emma come to the party?" "No, she didn't."
✅ "Did your parents have a good trip?" "Yes, they did."
❌ "Did she go out?" "No, she didn't went." (WRONG — didn't 뒤는 동사원형)
❌ "Did they like it?" "Yes, they doed." (WRONG — did만 씁니다)

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Chapter 5 : 저녁, 민준의 과거 부정문 일기 / Evening, Minjun's Journal with Negatives

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It is evening.
저녁입니다.

 

I sit at my desk and open my journal.
저는 책상에 앉아 일기를 펼칩니다.

 

Tonight I write about what I did and didn't do this week.
오늘 밤 저는 이번 주에 한 것과 하지 않은 것을 씁니다.

 

This week I studied hard every day.
이번 주 저는 매일 열심히 공부했습니다.

 

I didn't miss a single class.
단 한 번도 수업을 빠지지 않았습니다.

 

I spoke English with my friends.
친구들과 영어로 말했습니다.

 

I didn't speak Korean all week.
한 주 동안 한국어를 쓰지 않았습니다.

 

I went to Central Park twice.
센트럴 파크에 두 번 갔습니다.

 

I didn't go to the gym.
헬스장에는 가지 않았습니다.

 

I ate well every day.
매일 잘 먹었습니다.

 

I didn't cook once.
한 번도 요리를 하지 않았습니다.

 

I called my mother on Sunday.
일요일에 어머니께 전화드렸습니다.

 

I didn't call my father.
아버지께는 전화드리지 않았습니다.

 

I need to fix that.
그건 고쳐야겠습니다.

 

I wrote in this journal every night.
매일 밤 이 일기를 썼습니다.

 

I didn't write in Korean once.
한 번도 한국어로 쓰지 않았습니다.

 

I look at what I wrote.
저는 쓴 것을 바라봅니다.

 

The didn't list is not a failure list.
didn't 목록은 실패 목록이 아닙니다.

 

It is a reminder list.
그것은 알림 목록입니다.

 

Next week I will do better.
다음 주에는 더 잘할 것입니다.

 

Did I have a good week?
좋은 한 주를 보냈나요?

 

Yes, I did.
네, 보냈습니다.

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PART 2 : Grammar Focus

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Unit 12 : 단순 과거 부정문과 의문문 완전 정리

핵심: didn't + 동사원형 / Did + 주어 + 동사원형?

공식예문

긍정	주어 + 과거형	I watched / she went
부정	주어 + didn't + 동사원형	I didn't watch / she didn't go
의문문	Did + 주어 + 동사원형?	Did you watch? / Did she go?

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do/does → did 변화 완전 정리

시제부정의문문

현재 (I/we/you/they)	don't + 동사원형	Do + 주어 + 동사원형?
현재 (he/she/it)	doesn't + 동사원형	Does + 주어 + 동사원형?
과거 (모든 주어)	didn't + 동사원형	Did + 주어 + 동사원형?

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의문문 어순 완전 정리

의문사did주어동사원형

(없음)	Did	your sister	call	you?
What	did	you	do	last night?
How	did	the accident	happen?
Where	did	your parents	go	on vacation?

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짧은 대답 완전 정리

질문YesNo

Did he/she/it ...?	Yes, he/she/it did.	No, he/she/it didn't.
Did we/you/they ...?	Yes, we/you/they did.	No, we/you/they didn't.

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Vocabulary : Unit 12

1. Negative Past Expressions (과거 부정 표현)

Phrase의미예문

didn't do	하지 않았다	I didn't do my homework last night.
didn't have time	시간이 없었다	No, I didn't have time.
didn't enjoy	즐기지 못했다	We didn't enjoy the meal.
didn't stay long	오래 있지 않았다	She didn't stay long.
didn't miss	빠지지 않았다	I didn't miss a single class.

1. Question Expressions (질문 표현)

Phrase의미예문

Did you go anywhere?	어디 갔어요?	Did you go anywhere last weekend?
What did you do?	뭐 했어요?	What did you do last night?
Where did you go?	어디 갔어요?	Where did your parents go?
How did it happen?	어떻게 됐어요?	How did the accident happen?
Did you enjoy it?	즐거웠어요?	Did you enjoy the museum?

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Key Phrases : Unit 12

Phrase한국어Example

No, I didn't.	아니요, 안 했어요.	"Did you do your homework?" "No, I didn't."
Yes, I did.	네, 했어요.	"Did you call your mother?" "Yes, I did."
It is a reminder list.	그것은 알림 목록이다.	The didn't list is a reminder list.
I didn't miss a single class.	단 한 번도 수업을 빠지지 않았다.	This week I didn't miss a single class.
Did I have a good week?	좋은 한 주를 보냈나?	Did I have a good week? Yes, I did.

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Discussion Questions

1. 이번 주에 한 것과 하지 않은 것을 did와 didn't로 각각 3문장씩 써보세요.
2. "She didn't went out last night." 가 틀린 이유를 설명하고 올바르게 고쳐 쓰세요.
3. 의문사 What / Where / How / When을 사용해 Did 질문을 각각 하나씩 만들어 보세요.
4. 민준처럼 이번 주 한 것과 하지 않은 것 목록을 did와 didn't로 써보세요. (최소 6문장)

파트너와 지난 주말에 대한 대화를 써보세요. Did 질문 4개와 짧은 대답을 포함하세요.