Unit 13 | I was doing (past continuous)

Minjun's Story : My English Journey in New York

뉴욕에서 시작하는 영어 이야기

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PART 1 : Story

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Chapter 1 : 수요일 저녁, 전화가 왔을 때 / Wednesday Evening, When the Phone Rang

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It is Thursday morning.
목요일 아침입니다.

 

Ms. Williams asks us about last night.
윌리엄스 선생님이 어젯밤에 대해 물어보십니다.

 

She says: "What were you doing at 10:30 last night?"
선생님이 말씀하십니다. "어젯밤 10시 30분에 뭘 하고 있었나요?"

 

I think about last night.
저는 어젯밤을 생각합니다.

 

At 10:30 I was studying at my desk.
10시 30분에 저는 책상에서 공부하고 있었습니다.

 

I was reading my grammar notes.
문법 노트를 읽고 있었습니다.

 

Lucas was cooking in the kitchen.
루카스가 부엌에서 요리를 하고 있었습니다.

 

The TV was playing quietly in the background.
텔레비전이 배경에서 조용히 나오고 있었습니다.

 

It was raining outside.
밖에는 비가 내리고 있었습니다.

 

Then at 10:45 my phone rang.
그런 다음 10시 45분에 전화가 울렸습니다.

 

It was my brother.
형이었습니다.

 

He was calling from Busan.
부산에서 전화하고 있었습니다.

 

While I was talking to my brother Lucas was singing in the kitchen.
형과 이야기하고 있는 동안 루카스는 부엌에서 노래하고 있었습니다.

 

It was a good night.
좋은 밤이었습니다.

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👩‍🏫 Ms. Williams says:
"Today we learn the past continuous tense."
오늘은 과거진행형 시제를 배웁니다.

과거진행형은 과거의 특정 시점에 진행 중이었던 동작을 표현합니다.

공식: was / were + 동사원형 + -ing

현재진행형: I am working now.
과거진행형: I was working at 10:30 last night.

현재진행형: It isn't raining now.
과거진행형: It wasn't raining when we went out.

📐 Grammar Point — 과거진행형 공식

주어be동사 (과거)동사 + -ing

I / he / she / it	was (not)	doing / watching / playing
we / you / they	were (not)	swimming / living / singing

✅ I was working at 10:30 last night.
✅ It was raining, so we didn't go out.
✅ In 2009 we were living in Japan.
❌ I was work last night. (WRONG — 반드시 -ing를 붙여야 합니다)
❌ They was playing. (WRONG — they → were)

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Chapter 2 : 과거의 특정 순간 / A Specific Moment in the 

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Ms. Williams draws a timeline on the board.
윌리엄스 선생님이 칠판에 시간 축을 그리십니다.

 

She writes: 3:30 → 4:00 → 4:15
선생님이 씁니다. 3:30 → 4:00 → 4:15

 

She says: "Rob started swimming at 3:30."
선생님이 말씀하십니다. "롭은 3시 30분에 수영을 시작했습니다."

 

"He finished swimming at 4:15."
"4시 15분에 수영을 끝냈습니다."

 

"At exactly 4:00 he was swimming."
"정확히 4시에 그는 수영을 하고 있었습니다."

 

She points at the middle of the timeline.
선생님이 시간 축의 가운데를 가리키십니다.

 

"This is the past continuous."
"이것이 과거진행형입니다."

 

"It shows what was happening at a specific moment in the past."
"과거의 특정 순간에 일어나고 있었던 것을 보여줍니다."

 

"It is 6:00 now. Rob is home. He is watching TV."
"지금은 6시입니다. 롭은 집에 있습니다. TV를 보고 있습니다."

 

"At 4:00 he wasn't at home. He was at the gym."
"4시에는 집에 있지 않았습니다. 헬스장에 있었습니다."

 

"He was swimming in the pool. He wasn't watching TV."
"수영장에서 수영을 하고 있었습니다. TV를 보고 있지 않았습니다."

 

Carlos raises his hand.
카를로스가 손을 듭니다.

 

He asks: "So the past continuous shows the middle of an action?"
그가 묻습니다. "그러면 과거진행형은 동작의 중간을 보여주는 건가요?"

 

Ms. Williams smiles: "Exactly. Not the beginning. Not the end. The middle."
선생님이 미소를 짓습니다. "정확해요. 시작도 아니고 끝도 아니고. 중간입니다."

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👩‍🏫 Ms. Williams says:
"was/were + -ing = the past continuous."
was/were + -ing = 과거진행형.

과거의 특정 시점에 진행 중이었던 동작을 표현합니다.
시작과 끝이 아닌 그 순간의 중간을 나타냅니다.

He was swimming at 4:00. (4시에 수영하는 중이었다)
He wasn't watching TV at 4:00. (4시에 TV를 보고 있지 않았다)

What were you doing at 11:30 yesterday? Were you working?
"What did he say?" "I don't know. I wasn't listening."
It was raining, so we didn't go out.
In 2009 we were living in Japan.

📐 Grammar Point — 현재진행형 vs. 과거진행형

현재진행형과거진행형

공식	am/is/are + -ing	was/were + -ing
의미	지금 진행 중	과거 특정 시점에 진행 중
예문	I'm working now.	I was working at 10:30 last night.
부정	It isn't raining now.	It wasn't raining when we went out.
질문	What are you doing?	What were you doing at 3:00?

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Chapter 3 : 과거진행형 부정문과 의문문 / Negatives and Questions

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Ms. Williams writes on the board.
윌리엄스 선생님이 칠판에 씁니다.

 

부정문: was not (wasn't) / were not (weren't) + -ing
의문문: was / were + 주어 + -ing?

 

She puts us in pairs.
선생님이 우리를 짝으로 나눕니다.

 

I am with Anna.
저는 안나와 짝입니다.

 

She asks: "What were you doing at 7:00 yesterday morning?"
그녀가 묻습니다. "어제 아침 7시에 뭘 하고 있었어요?"

 

I say: "I was making green tea. Lucas was sleeping."
저는 말합니다. "녹차를 만들고 있었어요. 루카스는 자고 있었어요."

 

She asks: "Were you eating breakfast?"
그녀가 묻습니다. "아침을 먹고 있었어요?"

 

I say: "No, I wasn't. I wasn't eating yet."
저는 말합니다. "아니요, 아니었어요. 아직 먹고 있지 않았어요."

 

I ask her: "What were you doing at 11:00 last night?"
저는 그녀에게 묻습니다. "어젯밤 11시에 뭘 하고 있었어요?"

 

She says: "I was writing a letter to my mother."
그녀가 말합니다. "어머니께 편지를 쓰고 있었어요."

 

I ask: "Were you writing in Russian?"
저는 묻습니다. "러시아어로 쓰고 있었어요?"

 

She smiles: "Yes, I was. Of course."
그녀가 웃습니다. "네, 그랬어요. 물론이죠."

 

I ask: "Was it raining when you went to bed?"
저는 묻습니다. "잠자리에 들 때 비가 오고 있었어요?"

 

She says: "Yes, it was. I was listening to the rain."
그녀가 말합니다. "네, 그랬어요. 빗소리를 듣고 있었어요."

 

"It was beautiful."
"아름다웠어요."

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👩‍🏫 Ms. Williams says:
"For negatives and questions, move was/were just like in Unit 10."
부정문과 의문문은 Unit 10처럼 was/were를 이동합니다.

부정문:
I was watching → I wasn't watching
They were playing → They weren't playing

의문문:
He was swimming → Was he swimming?
They were working → Were they working?

의문사 포함:
What were you doing at 11:30 yesterday?
Were you working?
Was it raining when you went out?

📐 Grammar Point — 과거진행형 완전 정리

형태예문

긍정	was/were + -ing	I was working. They were playing.
부정	wasn't/weren't + -ing	I wasn't watching. They weren't listening.
의문문	Was/Were + 주어 + -ing?	Was he swimming? Were they working?
짧은 대답 (Yes)	Yes, I was. / Yes, they were.	"Were you working?" "Yes, I was."
짧은 대답 (No)	No, I wasn't. / No, they weren't.	"Was it raining?" "No, it wasn't."

✅ "What were you doing at 11:30?" "I was studying."
✅ "Were you working?" "No, I wasn't."
✅ It was raining, so we didn't go out.
❌ They was playing. (WRONG — they → were)
❌ I were watching TV. (WRONG — I → was)

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Chapter 4 : 어제 아침의 뉴욕 / New York Yesterday Morning

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Yesterday morning I woke up early.
어제 아침 저는 일찍 일어났습니다.

 

I went to the window and looked outside.
저는 창문으로 가서 밖을 바라보았습니다.

 

The sun was shining.
햇빛이 빛나고 있었습니다.

 

The birds were singing.
새들이 노래하고 있었습니다.

 

A few people were walking to work.
몇몇 사람들이 출근하며 걷고 있었습니다.

 

A café owner was opening his shutters.
카페 주인이 셔터를 열고 있었습니다.

 

A dog was sitting at the corner watching everyone pass.
강아지 한 마리가 모퉁이에 앉아 모든 사람이 지나가는 것을 바라보고 있었습니다.

 

It was a beautiful morning.
아름다운 아침이었습니다.

 

I thought about what Ms. Williams said.
저는 윌리엄스 선생님이 하신 말씀을 생각했습니다.

 

"Today she is wearing a skirt."
"오늘 그녀는 치마를 입고 있습니다."

 

"But yesterday she was wearing pants."
"하지만 어제 그녀는 바지를 입고 있었습니다."

 

Same grammar. Different time.
같은 문법. 다른 시간.

 

I was watching New York wake up.
저는 뉴욕이 잠에서 깨어나는 것을 바라보고 있었습니다.

 

And I was thinking in English.
그리고 영어로 생각하고 있었습니다.

 

Without trying.
노력하지 않아도.

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👩‍🏫 Ms. Williams says:
"Notice how we use the past continuous for things happening around a moment."
한 순간 주변에 일어나고 있던 것들에 과거진행형을 씁니다.

I woke up early yesterday. The sun was shining and the birds were singing.
어제 일찍 일어났습니다. 햇빛이 빛나고 있었고 새들이 노래하고 있었습니다.

Today she is wearing a skirt, but yesterday she was wearing pants.
오늘 그녀는 치마를 입고 있지만 어제는 바지를 입고 있었습니다.

"What did he say?" "I don't know. I wasn't listening."
"그가 뭐라고 했어요?" "모르겠어요. 듣고 있지 않았어요."

In 2009 we were living in Japan.
2009년에 우리는 일본에서 살고 있었습니다.

It was raining, so we didn't go out.
비가 오고 있었기 때문에 나가지 않았습니다.

📐 Grammar Point — 현재 → 과거진행형 대조

현재진행형과거진행형

I'm working now.	I was working at 10:30 last night.
It isn't raining now.	It wasn't raining when we went out.
What are you doing now?	What were you doing at 3:00?
She is wearing a skirt today.	Yesterday she was wearing pants.

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Chapter 5 : 저녁, 그날 밤의 이야기 / Evening, The Story of That Night

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It is evening.
저녁입니다.

 

I sit on my bed and write in my journal.
저는 침대에 앉아 일기를 씁니다.

 

Tonight I write about what everyone was doing last night.
오늘 밤 저는 어젯밤에 모두가 무엇을 하고 있었는지 씁니다.

 

At 10:30 last night:
어젯밤 10시 30분에:

 

I was studying grammar at my desk.
저는 책상에서 문법을 공부하고 있었습니다.

 

Lucas was cooking rice in the kitchen.
루카스가 부엌에서 밥을 짓고 있었습니다.

 

He was singing quietly while he was cooking.
요리를 하는 동안 조용히 노래하고 있었습니다.

 

Carlos was watching the football highlights on his phone.
카를로스가 전화기로 축구 하이라이트를 보고 있었습니다.

 

He wasn't sleeping. He was too excited.
자고 있지 않았습니다. 너무 흥분해 있었습니다.

 

Yuki was reading in her room.
유키는 방에서 책을 읽고 있었습니다.

 

She wasn't sleeping either.
그녀도 자고 있지 않았습니다.

 

Anna was writing a letter to her mother in Moscow.
안나는 모스크바의 어머니께 편지를 쓰고 있었습니다.

 

The rain was falling softly outside.
빗줄기가 밖에서 조용히 내리고 있었습니다.

 

The city was glowing in the wet dark.
도시가 축축한 어둠 속에서 빛나고 있었습니다.

 

We were all in different places.
우리는 모두 서로 다른 곳에 있었습니다.

 

We were all doing different things.
모두 서로 다른 것들을 하고 있었습니다.

 

But we were all in the same city.
하지만 우리는 모두 같은 도시에 있었습니다.

 

And somehow that was enough.
그리고 어떻게든 그것으로 충분했습니다.

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PART 2 : Grammar Focus

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Unit 13 : 과거진행형 완전 정리 (Past Continuous)

핵심 공식: was/were + 동사원형 + -ing
과거의 특정 시점에 진행 중이었던 동작을 표현합니다.

주어긍정부정

I / he / she / it	I was working.	I wasn't working.
we / you / they	They were playing.	They weren't playing.

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의문문 완전 정리

의문사was/were주어-ing

(없음)	Was	he	swimming?
(없음)	Were	they	working?
What	were	you	doing	at 11:30?
Where	were	they	going?
Why	was	she	crying?

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짧은 대답 완전 정리

질문YesNo

Was he/she/it -ing?	Yes, he/she/it was.	No, he/she/it wasn't.
Were we/you/they -ing?	Yes, we/you/they were.	No, we/you/they weren't.

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현재진행형 → 과거진행형 변환

현재진행형과거진행형

I'm working now.	I was working at 10:30 last night.
It isn't raining now.	It wasn't raining when we went out.
What are you doing?	What were you doing at 3:00?
She is wearing a skirt.	Yesterday she was wearing pants.

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Vocabulary : Unit 13

1. Past Continuous Actions (과거진행형 동작)

Word의미예문

was studying	공부하고 있었다	I was studying at my desk at 10:30.
was cooking	요리하고 있었다	Lucas was cooking rice in the kitchen.
was raining	비가 오고 있었다	It was raining, so we didn't go out.
was shining	빛나고 있었다	The sun was shining and the birds were singing.
was listening	듣고 있었다	"I don't know. I wasn't listening."

1. Time Expressions (시간 표현)

Expression의미예문

at 10:30 last night	어젯밤 10시 30분에	I was working at 10:30 last night.
when we went out	우리가 나갔을 때	It wasn't raining when we went out.
while I was talking	이야기하는 동안	While I was talking Lucas was singing.
in 2009	2009년에	In 2009 we were living in Japan.
at that moment	그 순간에	He was swimming at that moment.

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Key Phrases : Unit 13

Phrase한국어Example

I wasn't listening.	듣고 있지 않았어요.	"What did he say?" "I don't know. I wasn't listening."
It was raining, so...	비가 오고 있어서...	It was raining, so we didn't go out.
We were living in Japan.	일본에서 살고 있었다.	In 2009 we were living in Japan.
The sun was shining.	햇빛이 빛나고 있었다.	The sun was shining and the birds were singing.
somehow that was enough.	어떻게든 그것으로 충분했다.	We were all in the same city. Somehow that was enough.

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Discussion Questions

1. 어젯밤 10시 30분에 무엇을 하고 있었는지 과거진행형으로 3문장 써보세요.
2. 현재진행형과 과거진행형의 차이를 예문 두 쌍으로 설명해 보세요.
3. "They was playing football." 이 틀린 이유를 설명하고 올바르게 고쳐 쓰세요.
4. 의문사 What / Where / Why / When을 사용한 과거진행형 질문을 각각 하나씩 만들어 보세요.
5. 어제 아침의 장면을 민준처럼 묘사해 보세요. 과거진행형을 최소 5문장 사용하세요.