Unit 14 | I was doing and I did (past continuous and simple past)

Minjun's Story : My English Journey in New York

뉴욕에서 시작하는 영어 이야기

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PART 1 : Story

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Chapter 1 : 금요일 저녁, 전화가 울렸을 때 / Friday Evening, When the Phone Rang

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It is Saturday morning.
토요일 아침입니다.

 

Ms. Williams starts class with a story.
윌리엄스 선생님이 이야기로 수업을 시작하십니다.

 

She says: "Let me tell you about Jack."
선생님이 말씀하십니다. "잭에 대해 이야기해 드릴게요."

 

"Jack was reading a book."
"잭은 책을 읽고 있었습니다."

 

"Then his phone rang."
"그때 전화가 울렸습니다."

 

"He stopped reading."
"그는 읽기를 멈췄습니다."

 

"He answered his phone."
"그는 전화를 받았습니다."

 

She writes two questions on the board.
선생님이 칠판에 질문 두 개를 씁니다.

 

What happened? His phone rang. (simple past)
무슨 일이 있었나요? 전화가 울렸습니다. (단순 과거)

 

What was Jack doing when his phone rang? (past continuous)
전화가 울렸을 때 잭은 무엇을 하고 있었나요? (과거진행형)

 

He was reading a book.
그는 책을 읽고 있었습니다.

 

What did he do when his phone rang? (simple past)
전화가 울렸을 때 그는 무엇을 했나요? (단순 과거)

 

He stopped reading and answered his phone.
그는 읽기를 멈추고 전화를 받았습니다.

 

Carlos raises his hand.
카를로스가 손을 듭니다.

 

He says: "So was reading is the background. And rang is the event?"
그가 말합니다. "그러면 was reading이 배경이고 rang이 사건인가요?"

 

Ms. Williams smiles: "Perfect. That is exactly it."
선생님이 미소를 짓습니다. "완벽해요. 정확히 그거예요."

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👩‍🏫 Ms. Williams says:
"Today we compare the past continuous and the simple past together."
오늘은 과거진행형과 단순 과거를 함께 비교합니다.

과거진행형: 배경 동작 (진행 중이었던 것)
단순 과거: 사건 (일어난 것)

Jack was reading a book. (배경 — 진행 중이었던 동작)
His phone rang. (사건 — 갑자기 일어난 일)
He stopped and answered. (결과 — 그 다음에 한 것)

Jack began reading before his phone rang.
So when his phone rang, he was reading.

📐 Grammar Point — 과거진행형 vs. 단순 과거

과거진행형단순 과거

의미	진행 중이었던 배경 동작	완료된 사건 또는 동작
공식	was/were + -ing	동사 과거형
예문	Jack was reading.	His phone rang.
이미지	긴 화살표 (진행 중)	짧은 점 (순간)

✅ Jack was reading a book when his phone rang.
✅ He stopped reading and answered his phone.
✅ What was Jack doing when his phone rang? He was reading.
❌ Jack read a book when his phone rang. (배경 동작 → 과거진행형 필요)

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Chapter 2 : 완료된 동작 vs. 진행 중인 동작 / Completed vs. Unfinished Action

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Ms. Williams draws two timelines on the board.
윌리엄스 선생님이 칠판에 시간 축 두 개를 그리십니다.

 

She says: "Look at these two sentences."
선생님이 말씀하십니다. "이 두 문장을 보세요."

 

A: What did you do yesterday morning?
A: 어제 아침에 무엇을 했나요?

 

B: We played tennis. (from 10:00 to 11:30)
B: 테니스를 쳤습니다. (10시부터 11시 30분까지)

 

She draws a complete block from 10:00 to 11:30.
선생님이 10시부터 11시 30분까지 완성된 블록을 그리십니다.

 

"This is a completed action. Beginning to end."
"이것은 완료된 동작입니다. 처음부터 끝까지."

 

Then she writes the second pair.
그런 다음 두 번째 쌍을 씁니다.

 

A: What were you doing at 10:30?
A: 10시 30분에 무엇을 하고 있었나요?

 

B: We were playing tennis.
B: 테니스를 치고 있었습니다.

 

She draws a long arrow that starts before 10:30 and continues past it.
선생님이 10시 30분 이전에 시작해서 그 이후까지 계속되는 긴 화살표를 그리십니다.

 

"This is an unfinished action. We only see the middle."
"이것은 완료되지 않은 동작입니다. 중간만 봅니다."

 

Yuki raises her hand.
유키가 손을 듭니다.

 

She says: "So simple past shows the whole story. Past continuous shows a moment inside the story."
그녀가 말합니다. "그러면 단순 과거는 전체 이야기를 보여주고, 과거진행형은 이야기 안의 한 순간을 보여주는 거군요."

 

Ms. Williams claps: "Excellent, Yuki. Exactly right."
선생님이 박수를 칩니다. "훌륭해요, 유키. 정확히 맞아요."

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👩‍🏫 Ms. Williams says:
"Simple past = completed action. Past continuous = unfinished action at a moment."
단순 과거 = 완료된 동작. 과거진행형 = 어느 순간의 완료되지 않은 동작.

단순 과거 — 완료된 동작:
Jack read a book yesterday. (= from beginning to end)
Did you watch the game on TV last night?
It didn't rain while we were on vacation.

과거진행형 — 완료되지 않은 동작:
Jack was reading a book when his phone rang.
Were you watching TV when I called you?
It wasn't raining when I got up.

📐 Grammar Point — 완료 vs. 진행 비교

단순 과거 (완료)과거진행형 (진행 중)

We played tennis. (완전히 끝남)	We were playing tennis at 10:30. (그 순간 진행 중)
Jack read a book. (처음부터 끝까지)	Jack was reading when his phone rang. (중단됨)
It didn't rain. (전혀 비가 안 옴)	It wasn't raining when I got up. (그 순간 비가 없었음)
Did you watch the game? (경기를 봤나요?)	Were you watching TV? (TV 보고 있었나요?)

✅ I started work at 9:00 and finished at 4:30. At 2:30 I was working.
✅ It was raining when we went out. (= it started raining before we went out)
✅ Grace fell asleep while she was reading.
❌ Jack was reading a book yesterday. (= 어제 처음부터 끝까지 → read가 맞음)

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Chapter 3 : when과 while / When and While

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Ms. Williams writes two words on the board.
윌리엄스 선생님이 칠판에 단어 두 개를 씁니다.

 

when / while

 

She says: "These two words connect the two tenses."
선생님이 말씀하십니다. "이 두 단어가 두 시제를 연결합니다."

 

"When + simple past = the event that happened."
"when + 단순 과거 = 일어난 사건."

 

"While + past continuous = the background action."
"while + 과거진행형 = 배경 동작."

 

She writes examples.
선생님이 예문을 씁니다.

 

I saw Emily and Sam this morning. They were waiting at the bus stop.
오늘 아침 에밀리와 샘을 봤습니다. 그들은 버스 정류장에서 기다리고 있었습니다.

 

Grace fell asleep while she was reading.
그레이스는 책을 읽는 동안 잠이 들었습니다.

 

It was raining when we went out.
우리가 나갔을 때 비가 오고 있었습니다.

 

I started work at 9:00 and finished at 4:30. At 2:30 I was working.
저는 9시에 일을 시작해서 4시 30분에 끝냈습니다. 2시 30분에는 일하고 있었습니다.

 

She puts us in pairs.
선생님이 우리를 짝으로 나눕니다.

I am with Lucas.

저는 루카스와 짝입니다.

I say: "I was studying when you knocked on my door last night."
저는 말합니다. "어젯밤 네가 문을 두드렸을 때 저는 공부를 하고 있었어요."

 

He laughs: "I was making rice while you were studying."
그가 웃습니다. "네가 공부하고 있는 동안 저는 밥을 짓고 있었어요."

 

I say: "I smelled it. That is why I opened the door."
저는 말합니다. "냄새를 맡았어요. 그래서 문을 열었어요."

 

He says: "So you were studying and then you stopped and came to eat."
그가 말합니다. "그러니까 공부를 하고 있다가 멈추고 와서 먹은 거군요."

 

I laugh: "Exactly."
저는 웃습니다. "정확해요."

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👩‍🏫 Ms. Williams says:
"Use when with the simple past and while with the past continuous."
when은 단순 과거와, while은 과거진행형과 함께 씁니다.

when + 단순 과거 (사건):
Jack was reading when his phone rang.
I saw Emily when I was walking to school.

while + 과거진행형 (배경):
Grace fell asleep while she was reading.
While I was studying, Lucas was cooking.

두 가지 모두 가능한 경우:
When/While I was walking to school, I saw Emily.

📐 Grammar Point — when과 while 사용법

whenwhile

다음에 오는 시제	단순 과거	과거진행형
의미	~했을 때 (사건)	~하는 동안 (배경)
예문	When his phone rang	While she was reading
전체 예문	He was reading when his phone rang.	She fell asleep while she was reading.

✅ I was studying when you knocked.
✅ Grace fell asleep while she was reading.
✅ It was raining when we went out.
✅ While I was cooking, you were studying.
❌ I studied while you knocked. (WRONG — while 뒤에는 진행형)
❌ She fell asleep while she read. (WRONG — while 뒤에는 진행형)

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Chapter 4 : 민준에게 일어난 일 / What Happened to Minjun

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Yesterday something interesting happened to me.
어제 저에게 흥미로운 일이 일어났습니다.

 

I was walking to school.
저는 학교로 걷고 있었습니다.

 

It was raining lightly.
가볍게 비가 오고 있었습니다.

 

I was listening to music.
음악을 듣고 있었습니다.

 

I was thinking about today's grammar lesson.
오늘의 문법 수업에 대해 생각하고 있었습니다.

 

Then suddenly someone called my name.
그때 갑자기 누군가가 제 이름을 불렀습니다.

 

I stopped walking.
저는 걷기를 멈췄습니다.

 

I took out one earphone.
이어폰 하나를 빼냈습니다.

 

I looked around.
주변을 둘러보았습니다.

 

It was Fatima.
파티마였습니다.

 

She was standing across the street.
그녀는 길 건너편에 서 있었습니다.

 

She was waving at me.
저를 향해 손을 흔들고 있었습니다.

 

She was holding a big umbrella.
큰 우산을 들고 있었습니다.

 

I crossed the street.
저는 길을 건넜습니다.

 

We walked to school together.
우리는 함께 학교로 걸어갔습니다.

 

While we were walking she told me about her weekend.
걸어가는 동안 그녀는 주말에 대해 저에게 말해줬습니다.

 

She was smiling the whole time.
그녀는 내내 미소 짓고 있었습니다.

 

It was a good way to start the day.
하루를 시작하기에 좋은 방법이었습니다.

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👩‍🏫 Ms. Williams says:
"Notice the natural combination of past continuous and simple past."
과거진행형과 단순 과거의 자연스러운 조합을 살펴보세요.

I was walking to school. (배경 — 진행 중)
Someone called my name. (사건 — 갑자기 일어남)
I stopped walking. (결과 — 그 다음에 한 것)

I started work at 9:00 and finished at 4:30. At 2:30 I was working.
It was raining when we went out. (= it started raining before we went out)
I saw Emily and Sam this morning. They were waiting at the bus stop.
Grace fell asleep while she was reading.

배경 + 사건 공식:
과거진행형 (배경) + when + 단순 과거 (사건)
I was reading when my phone rang.

📐 Grammar Point — 배경 + 사건 조합

배경 (과거진행형)사건 (단순 과거)

I was walking to school	when someone called my name.
She was reading	when she fell asleep.
It was raining	when we went out.
They were waiting	when I saw them.
While I was studying	you knocked on my door.

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Chapter 5 : 저녁, 두 시제를 정리하며 / Evening, Putting It All Together

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It is evening.
저녁입니다.

 

I sit at my desk and draw in my journal.
저는 책상에 앉아 일기에 그림을 그립니다.

 

I draw two arrows.
저는 화살표 두 개를 그립니다.

 

A long arrow: was doing (진행 중이었던 것)
A short point: did (일어난 것)

 

I write about today in two layers.
저는 오늘 있었던 일을 두 층으로 씁니다.

 

The background layer:
배경 층:

 

This morning I was walking to school.
오늘 아침 저는 학교로 걷고 있었습니다.

 

It was raining softly.
비가 부드럽게 오고 있었습니다.

 

I was listening to music.
음악을 듣고 있었습니다.

 

I was thinking about grammar.
문법에 대해 생각하고 있었습니다.

 

The event layer:
사건 층:

 

Fatima called my name.
파티마가 제 이름을 불렀습니다.

 

I stopped and looked around.
저는 멈추고 주변을 둘러보았습니다.

 

I saw her across the street.
길 건너편에서 그녀를 보았습니다.

 

I crossed the street and walked with her.
길을 건너 그녀와 함께 걸었습니다.

 

Now I look at the two layers together.
이제 두 층을 함께 봅니다.

 

The background was happening.
배경은 일어나고 있었습니다.

 

The event happened.
사건은 일어났습니다.

 

Together they tell the whole story.
함께 전체 이야기를 말해줍니다.

 

That is writing.
그것이 글쓰기입니다.

 

That is also life.
그것이 또한 삶입니다.

 

Things are happening around us all the time.
항상 우리 주변에서 일어나고 있는 일들이 있습니다.

 

And then something happens that changes everything.
그리고 모든 것을 바꾸는 일이 일어납니다.

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PART 2 : Grammar Focus

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Unit 14 : 과거진행형과 단순 과거 완전 정리

핵심: 과거진행형은 배경 동작, 단순 과거는 사건입니다.

과거진행형단순 과거

의미	진행 중이었던 배경 동작	완료된 사건
공식	was/were + -ing	동사 과거형
이미지	긴 화살표 (진행 중)	짧은 점 (순간)
예문	Jack was reading	His phone rang

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완료 vs. 진행 비교

단순 과거 (완료된 동작)과거진행형 (진행 중이었던 동작)

Jack read a book yesterday.	Jack was reading when his phone rang.
Did you watch the game?	Were you watching TV when I called?
It didn't rain on vacation.	It wasn't raining when I got up.
We played tennis. (10:00-11:30)	We were playing at 10:30.

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when과 while 완전 정리

whenwhile

다음에 오는 시제	단순 과거	과거진행형
예문 1	He was reading when his phone rang.	While she was reading, she fell asleep.
예문 2	I saw them when I was walking.	While I was cooking, you studied.

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배경 + 사건 조합 완전 정리

배경 (과거진행형)사건 (단순 과거)

I was walking when	someone called my name.
She was reading when	she fell asleep.
It was raining when	we went out.
They were waiting when	I saw them.
While I was studying,	Lucas knocked on my door.

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Vocabulary : Unit 14

1. Background Actions (배경 동작 — 과거진행형)

Phrase의미예문

was reading	읽고 있었다	Jack was reading a book.
was walking	걷고 있었다	I was walking to school.
was waiting	기다리고 있었다	They were waiting at the bus stop.
was raining	비가 오고 있었다	It was raining when we went out.
was listening	듣고 있었다	I was listening to music.

1. Events (사건 — 단순 과거)

Phrase의미예문

rang	울렸다	His phone rang.
stopped	멈췄다	He stopped reading.
answered	받았다	He answered his phone.
fell asleep	잠이 들었다	Grace fell asleep while she was reading.
called	불렀다/전화했다	Someone called my name.

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Key Phrases : Unit 14

Phrase한국어Example

was reading when his phone rang	전화가 울렸을 때 읽고 있었다	Jack was reading when his phone rang.
fell asleep while she was reading	읽는 동안 잠이 들었다	Grace fell asleep while she was reading.
It was raining when we went out.	나갔을 때 비가 오고 있었다	It was raining when we went out.
At 2:30 I was working.	2시 30분에 일하고 있었다	I started at 9:00 and finished at 4:30. At 2:30 I was working.
Things are happening around us.	우리 주변에서 일들이 일어나고 있다	Things are happening and then something happens that changes everything.

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Discussion Questions

1. 잭의 이야기를 단순 과거와 과거진행형으로 나누어 설명해 보세요.
2. 다음 문장들을 올바르게 고쳐 쓰세요.
   • "She fell asleep while she read."
   • "It rained while we went out."
3. when과 while의 차이를 예문 두 쌍으로 설명해 보세요.
4. 민준처럼 오늘 있었던 일을 배경 층과 사건 층으로 나누어 써보세요. (각각 3문장 이상)
5. 다음 두 사건을 연결해 하나의 문장으로 만들어 보세요.
   • I walked to school. / It rained.
   • She watched TV. / Her friend called.
   • We had dinner. / The lights went out.